Túpac Amaru

Last Sapa Inca and grandson of Huayna Capac. Acceded to the Vilcabamba redoubt's throne after his elder brothers' deaths. Captured by a Spanish expedition under Viceroy Francisco de Toledo in 1572, he was tried for heresy and executed by beheading in the public square of Cuzco — an act witnessed by an enormous indigenous crowd whose grief shocked the Spanish. His name was taken two centuries later by the leader of the great Andean uprising of 1780.