Philip IV the Fair

A cold, ruthless administrator who pushed royal authority to lengths no Capetian had attempted before. He humiliated Pope Boniface VIII at Anagni and forced the papacy to relocate to Avignon, expelled France's Jewish population, and destroyed the Knights Templar in 1307 to seize their treasury. His three sons would each take the throne in turn and each die without male issue, ending the direct Capetian line within a generation of his death.