Toghon Temür

Last Yuan emperor of China and the figure on whose watch the Mongol grip on China unraveled. Decades of Yellow River flooding, plague, and peasant rebellion combined to produce the Red Turban movement, whose leader Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming dynasty in Nanjing in 1368. Toghon Temür fled north to the steppe, dying two years later — the Mongol Empire's central administration was over.