Arthur, Prince of Wales

Eldest son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York and the intended Tudor king. Named for the legendary British monarch his father wished to evoke, he was the centerpiece of Tudor dynastic legitimacy. His marriage at fifteen to Catherine of Aragon, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, was the diplomatic coup of Henry VII's reign — but he died of sweating sickness five months later, leaving the throne to his younger brother and a contested marriage to his brother's widow that would, three decades on, fracture the Western Church.